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This textbook is aimed at graduate and upper undergraduate students studying materials science and metallurgy. It comprehensively covers the topic of microstructural characterization and includes an emphasis on Fourier analysis and Fourier transformation, electron diffraction, electromagnetic waves and electron waves, lens parameters, transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The author has included pedagogical features such as end-of-chapter exercises and worked examples with varying degrees of difficulty to augment learning and self-testing. This book will be a useful guide for upper undergraduate and graduate students along with researchers and professionals working in the field of microstructural characterization.
Optics. Quantum optics --- Metallurgy --- microscopie --- metalen --- Metals. --- Materials --- Metals and Alloys. --- Materials Characterization Technique. --- Microscopy. --- Analysis.
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This book highlights the qualitative and quantitative sequential changes in microstructure of P91 steel under various stress and temperature conditions. The P91 alloy is an established material used under elevated temperature and stress in the components of thermal power plants. Temperature and stress levels for laboratory experimentation have been selected based on the true operating condition of a boiler. This book describes both full length as well as interrupted tests that were performed under given parameters. Subsequently, the microstructures, bulk hardness and NDE parameters (magnetic and non-linear ultrasonic) have been evaluated. For reliable data, the microstructures have been observed at different regions of creep exposed samples by different characterization techniques. This has been further followed by drawing co-relation between specific features like precipitate size variation with creep strain / creep time and so on. Given the contents, this book will be a useful reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of materials especially in thermal power plants.
Production management --- Metallurgy --- Building materials. Building technology --- productie --- bouwmaterialen --- metalen --- Metals. --- Building materials. --- Production engineering. --- Materials --- Metals and Alloys. --- Steel, Light Metal. --- Thermal Process Engineering. --- Materials Fatigue. --- Fatigue.
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This book satisfies the interest and curiosity of beginners in thin film electrode preparations, characterizations, and device making, while providing insight into the area for experts. The considerable literature on ‘metal chalcogenides based carbon composites and their versatile applications’ reflect its importance for research and demonstrate how it’s now reached a level where the timely review is necessary to understand the current progress and recent trends and future opportunities. In the book, the authors examine recent advances in the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques of metal sulfide based carbon composites along with their working mechanisms, associated issues/solutions, and possible future are discussed. In addition, detailed insight into the properties and various applications including principles, design, fabrication, and engineering aspects are further discussed. Provides a detailed and simplified fabrication routes of thin film electrode preparation with informative images; Discusses structural, optical, morphological, electrical, and other properties of metal chalcogenide carbon composites; Illustrates state of the art applications of the metal chalcogenides based carbon composites.
Chemistry --- Materials sciences --- Applied physical engineering --- Metallurgy --- materiaalproductie --- chemie --- metalen --- Metals. --- Materials. --- Carbon. --- Chemistry. --- Composite materials. --- Surface chemistry. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Carbon Materials. --- Composites. --- Surface Chemistry.
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Diamonds. --- Diamants --- 671 --- Articles of precious metals, gems, precious stones --- Precious stones. --- 671 Articles of precious metals, gems, precious stones --- diamanten --- diamond [mineral] --- #ECO:04.05:sectoren diverse --- juweelkunst --- Applied arts. Arts and crafts
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This book presents guidelines on quantitative and qualitative measures of the geometric features and imperfections of welds to ensure that it meets the fatigue strength requirements laid out in the recommendations of the IIW (International Institute of Welding). Welds that satisfy these quality criteria can be assessed in accordance with existing IIW recommendations based on nominal stress, structural stress, notch stress or linear fracture mechanics. Further, the book defines more restrictive acceptance criteria based on weld geometry features and imperfections with increased fatigue strength. Fatigue strength for these welds is defined as S-N curves expressed in terms of nominal applied stress or hot spot stress. Where appropriate, reference is made to existing quality systems for welds.In addition to the acceptance criteria and fatigue assessment curves, the book also provides guidance on their inspection and quality control. The successful implementation of these methods depends on adequate training for operators and inspectors alike. As such, the publication of the present IIW Recommendations is intended to encourage the production of appropriate training aids and guidelines for educating, training and certifying operators and inspectors.
Methodology of economics --- Classical mechanics. Field theory --- Metals and their compounds --- Materials processing --- Applied physical engineering --- Business management --- Business economics --- Metallurgy --- financieel management --- toegepaste mechanica --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- mechanica --- metalen --- productieprocessen --- Manufactures. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Mechanics. --- Metals.
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This book starts with a theoretical introduction of the rare earth materials, and it subsequently analyzes the essential characteristics of these materials from elements, compounds to physical chemistry and metal materials, etc. Under the supplementary explanation of experimental data and results, the research is gradually guided into the multi-domain application scene. Through extensive analyses, this book displays comprehensively the distinguished values of the rare earth materials and the theoretical, empirical, and practical significance of rare earth materials is unraveled. It also covers an exhaustive review of 17 rare earth elements, their characteristics, and more possibilities in physical chemistry, functional materials, metallurgy, composites and engineering, and their prospects in production and technical applications. In-depth account of the whole spectrum of rare earth material research makes this book a unique reference to academic researchers, students, and engineers.
Thermodynamics --- Physicochemistry --- Geochemistry --- Materials sciences --- Metallurgy --- geochemie --- thermodynamica --- materiaalkennis --- metalen --- fysicochemie --- Materials science. --- Geochemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Metals. --- Thermodynamics. --- Materials Science. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Rare Earths --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallic Composites --- Science --- Technology & Engineering
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These Proceedings represent the metallurgical engineering and materials science research presented at the 61st Annual Conference of Metallurgists, held in Montreal, Canada from 21-24 August 2022. The collection themed ‘The Pathway to Net-Zero’ presents findings on a wide range of topics including: Processing of Critical Materials Towards Sustainable Circularity: Mining to Materials; Deep Decarbonization Pathways for Pyrometallurgical Processes: Opportunities & Challenges; Energy and Environmental Materials; Light Metals for the Transportation Industry; Advances in Materials Manufacturing VI – Existing and Emerging Materials; Electrochemical Degradation of Multi-component Materials.
Materials sciences --- Applied physical engineering --- Metallurgy --- Building materials. Building technology --- materiaalkennis --- materialen (technologie) --- bouwmaterialen --- metalen --- Metals. --- Materials. --- Materials --- Building materials. --- Materials science. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Metal-organic Frameworks. --- Characterization and Analytical Technique. --- Structural Materials. --- Materials Science. --- Analysis.
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This book helps unlock the root cause of abnormal grain growth in a commercial nickel alloy. The chapters explore the effects of different solution treating and aging techniques, showing how they impact the hardness properties of hot-rolled and cold-drawn Monel K-500. The book covers how high-frequency induction heat treating can lead to severe duplex microstructure, and uncovers the surprising differences between solution treating in vacuum and convection air furnaces. This book is helpful to anyone seeking to optimize the performance of metal alloys. .
Chemical and physical crystallography --- Rocks. Minerals --- Materials sciences --- Metallurgy --- Building materials. Building technology --- kristallografie --- materialen (technologie) --- bouwmaterialen --- kristallen --- metalen --- Building materials. --- Metals. --- Crystallography. --- Structural Materials. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Crystallography --- Materials --- Science --- Technology & Engineering
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Gems --- Precious metals --- Symbolism --- Social status --- Gemmes --- Métaux précieux --- Symbolisme --- Statut social --- Representation, Symbolic --- Symbolic representation --- Mythology --- Emblems --- Signs and symbols --- Social standing --- Socio-economic status --- Socioeconomic status --- Standing, Social --- Status, Social --- Power (Social sciences) --- Prestige --- Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- Jewels --- Decoration and ornament --- Cameos --- Glyptics --- Intaglios --- Precious stones --- Gems. --- Precious metals. --- Social status. --- Symbolism. --- kunstgeschiedenis --- gemmologie --- art history --- symbols --- edelsmeedkunst --- Applied arts. Arts and crafts --- symbolen --- gemology --- Métaux précieux
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This book explains the metabolic processes by which microbes obtain and control the intracellular availability of their required metal and metalloid ions. The book also describes how intracellular concentrations of unwanted metal and metalloid ions successfully are limited. Its authors additionally provide information about the ways that microbes derive metabolic energy by changing the charge states of metal and metalloid ions. Part one of this book provides an introduction to microbes, metals and metalloids. It also helps our readers to understand the chemical constraints for transition metal cation allocation. Part two explains the basic processes which microbes use for metal transport. That section also explains the uses, as well as the challenges, associated with metal-based antimicrobials. Part three gives our readers an understanding that because of microbial capabilities to process metals and metalloids, the microbes have become our best tools for accomplishing many jobs. Their applications in chemical technology include the design of microbial consortia for use in bioleaching processes that recover metal and metalloid ions from industrial wastes. Many biological engineering tasks, including the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and similar metalloid structures, also are ideally suited for the microbes. Part four describes unique attributes associated with the microbiology of these elements, progressing through the alphabet from antimony and arsenic to zinc. .
General microbiology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- environment --- microbiologie --- ecologie --- milieutechnologie --- Industrial microbiology. --- Metals --- Metal ions. --- Microbiology. --- Metalls --- Microbiologia industrial
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